Acetylsalicylic acid

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) with a broad range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammation and pain relief. Multiple studies have accumulated sufficient evidence to establish the association between the use of aspirin and a reduced risk of Ys including prostate Y, breast Y, colorectal Y, endometrial Y, and ovarian Y. Aspirin suppresses ovarian Y cells harboring COX-1 by acting as histone deacetylase inhibitors to up-regulate cell cycle arrest protein p21. Aspirin also inhibits the expression of COX-2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes resulting in reduced PG production and the down-regulation of ERK and NF-KB respectively.(In Vitro):Aspirin inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 in human articular chondrocytes, with IC50 values of 3.57 μM and 29.3 μM, respectively.Aspirin acetylates serine-530 of COX-1, thereby blocking thromboxane A synthesis in platelets and reducing platelet aggregation.Aspirin inhibits COX-2 protein expression through interference with binding of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) to its cognate site on COX-2 promoter/enhancer.Aspirin inhibits NF-κB-dependent transcription from the lgκ enhancer and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) in transfected T cells.Aspirin induces apoptosis by the activation of caspases, the activation of p38 MAP kinase, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and activation of the ceramide pathway.(In Vivo):Aspirin (5-150 mg/kg, PO, once) shows significant antipyretic activity in adult yeast-fevered male rats.