Pioglitazone

Pioglitazone is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist, used to treat diabetes.(In Vitro):Pioglitazone (0.5 or 1 μM, 5 days) can completely prevent AGEs (advanced glycation end-products)-induced β-cell necrosis and the increase of caspase-3 thereby avoiding the impaired viability caused by AGEs in pancreatic beta cell line HIT-T15.Pioglitazone (1 μM, 1 h) can stimulate insulin secretion induced by low glucose concentration and attenuate the GSSG/GSH ratio in cells cultured with AGEs.(In Vivo):Pioglitazone (oral gavage, 10 or 30 mg/kg, once daily, 14 days) can induce improvements in insulin resistance and diabetes that may be lipocalin-dependent in the liver but not in skeletal muscle.Pioglitazone (oral gavage, 10 mg/kg, once daily, 4 weeks) can significantly reduce body weight (BW), cardiac hypertrophy, elevated blood glucose levels and improve the associated dyslipidemia.