TMRM Perchlorate

TMRM Perchlorate is a cell-permeant cationic lipophilic red fluorescent dye (λex=530 nm, λem=592 nm). TMRM Perchlorate is a fluorescent probe (excitation, 530±21 nm; emission, 592±22 nm). In the presence of TMRM Perchlorate (2 μM) the coupled respiration with Complex I substrates or upon the addition of Complex II substrate is decreased by 27%. The fluorescence signal in the presence of TMRM Perchlorate shows a slight decrease after the addition of glutamate, indicative of increased polarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Exposure of hippocampal cultures to high concentrations of TMRM Perchlorate (1 to 25 μM) stains mitochondria selectively and quickly, reaching a plateau after 5 to 10 min. Exposure of hippocampal cultures to low concentrations of TMRM Perchlorate (50 to 500 nM) for 1 to 3 hours results in selective staining of mitochondria in both neurons and the underlying glial cells. Low concentrations of TMRM Perchlorate (50 to 200 nM) do not induce apoptosis, whereas higher concentrations (0.5 and 2.5 μM) enhance apoptosis (KD = 500 nM).